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By Herbert J. Githens
ANTHEMION. (From the Greek word meaning flower.) A flat
decoration of floral or leaf forms.
ARCHITRAVE. The lowest part of an entablature, a beam
resting on the tops of columns. Also, the molding
around a doorway, window, etc.
BAY. A window or set of windows jutting out from the wall
of a building and forming an alcove within.
BALUSTRADE. A railing held up by small posts, as on a
staircase.
BRACKET. An architectural support projecting from a wall,
as a corbel.
CORBEL. (From the Latin for raven, so called from its
beaked shape.) A piece of stone, metal, or wood, often
in the form of a bracket, projecting from the side of
a wall and serving to support a cornice, the spring of
an arch, etc.
CORNICE. A horizontal molding projecting along the top of
a wall, building, etc. Also, the top part of an
entablature.
COURSE. A horizontal layer, as of bricks, in the face of a
building.
DENTIL. Any of a series of small rectangular blocks projecting
like teeth, as from under a cornice.
DORIC. Relating to the classic order of architecture
characterized by simplicity of form, especially by fluted,
heavy columns with simple capitals, or top parts.
ENTABLATURE. A horizontal superstructure supported by columns
and composed of architrave, frieze, and cornice.
FACADE. The front of a building.
FASCIA. A flat, horizontal band, especially one of two or three
making up an architrave.
FENESTRATION. The arrangement of windows and doors in a building.
FINIAL. A decorative, terminal part at the tip of a gable,
spire, etc.
FRIEZE. A horizontal band, often decorated with sculpture,
between the architrave and cornice of a building entablature.
IONIC. Relating to the order of Greek architecture characterized
by ornamental scrolls (spiral volutes) on the capitals,
or tops, of columns.
LINTEL. The horizontal crosspiece over a door, window, etc.,
carrying the weight of the structure above it.
MASONRY. Brickwork or stonework.
NEWEL. The central upright pillar around which the steps of
a winding staircase turn. Also, the post at the top or
bottom of a flight of stairs, supporting the handrail.
ORIEL. A large window built out from a wall and resting on a
bracket or a corbel; bay window.
PIER. A heavy column, usually square, used to support weight,
as at the end of an arch.
PALLADIAN WINDOW. A three-part window consisting of two
rectangular openings on either side of a taller arched
headed opening, named after the Italian architect
Andrea Palladio (1518-80).
PEDIMENT. A low-pitched gable on the front of some buildings
in the Greek style of architecture.
RUSTICATE. To make or finish masonry in a rustic (rough) style.
SPANDREL. The triangular space between the exterior curve of
an arch and a rectangular frame or mold enclosing it.
Also, any of the spaces between a series of arches and
a straight cornice running above them.
TERRA COTTA. A hard, brown-red, usually unglazed earthenware
used in sculpture, etc.
TRANSOM. A small window or shutterlike panel directly over a
door or window.
VENEER. A thin surface layer of costly material laid over a
base of common material.
VERMICULATION. A marking suggestive of worms; covered with
irregularly twisting lines, ridges, or indentations
suggestive of worm tracks.
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